Brain Bee Ch.14

Can permanently damage nerve cells and cause a wide range of disabilities. There is no cure, but rehabilitation includes physical therapy, occupational therapy, and electrical stimulation.

An inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, targeting the myelin sheath and appearing in multiple areas. The cause is unknown, but there are hints that genetic and environmental factors indicate risk. The spinal cord, cerebellum, and optic nerve are the areas commonly affected.

Characterized by an interruption in blood flow to the brain due to a ruptured blood vessel or blood clot. Risk factors include obesity, physical inactivity, and heart disease, along with a genetic component. Treatments include clot-dissolving medications, surgery, and anticoagulant drugs.

Caused by bumps, blows, or jolts to the head or penetrating head injuries. Ranges from "mild" to "severe" and causes brain bruising, swelling, bleeding, cuts in brain tissue, direct nerve damage, and nerve cell death. Repetition could lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). 

Can either be malignant or benign. Different types are named according to the cell from which they arise and the brain area where they develop. Symptoms vary depending on the location and size, but the most common one is headache.

A condition that persists for weeks, months, or years and can trigger a cascade of psychological processes that lead to changes in perception, attention, mood, motivation, learning, and memory. A combination of drug treatment, behavior, and physical therapy, etc. is used to fully manage the condition.

Starts with targeting the immune system, but can also affect the nervous system. Causes mental problems such as mild difficulty with concentration, memory, coordination, and complex decision-making. The mechanism behind the development is unclear. CT and MRI scans show brain shrinkage in people with this kind of disorder.